|
|
| Yttrium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Ground state | 2D3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 19.8 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.22 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.66 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.921 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 3300 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 418 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 367.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.54 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 17.2 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 10.6 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 589 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 41.2 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.243 |
| Shear modulus | 35.6 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 63.5 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5.6 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.1057 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 3.1 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 48 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
6.38 |
| Second
|
12.24 |
| Third
|
20.52 |
| Incompatibilities | Oxidizers. |
| Flammability |
|
| Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
14.9584 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
14.8829 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 16.3) |
16.7378 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 3) |
17.011 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 7.8) |
16.723 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
1.92256 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
1.92047 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 50) |
1.99584 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 0.7) |
2.075 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 4.1) |
2.0725 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
2.06 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 0) |
2.144 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 3) |
1.761 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 5.5) |
1.6846 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
180 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
212 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
162 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
124 pm |
| Metallic
|
180 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 1.04 | 0.9 | R* |
| VII | 1.1 | 0.96 | ||
| VIII | 1.159 | 1.019 | R* | |
| IX | 1.215 | 1.075 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Y+3 |
| Other
|
|
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
616 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1181 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
1980 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
5963 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
7430 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
8970 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
11200 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
12400 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
14137 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
18400 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1883 | 2075 | (2320) | (2627) | (3036) | (3607) |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagonal close packed |
 |
a = 364.74 pm |
| b = 364.74 pm | |
| c = 573.06 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |